How did plantation owners determine their profits in the cotton economy?

Plantation owners determined their profits in the cotton economy primarily by evaluating the efficiency and usage of enslaved people. The production of cotton was labor-intensive, and a plantation's profitability relied heavily on the ability of enslaved workers to cultivate, harvest, and process large quantities of cotton. The efficiency with which these enslaved individuals could work directly impacted the plantation's output, and therefore, its financial success.

As the demand for cotton soared, particularly from Europe and the northern United States, plantation owners increasingly invested in the management of their labor force. They implemented strategies to maximize productivity, such as improving work conditions and incentivizing labor, which allowed them to boost profits. Thus, the management of slave labor was a crucial component of the economic calculus that determined the success of cotton plantations.

While the sale of cotton to Europe contributed to profits, and geopolitical factors influenced trade, it was ultimately the efficient exploitation of enslaved labor that allowed plantation owners to maximize their yields and profits in the cotton economy.