What type of soil is described as ideal for cotton cultivation in the southern states?

Loam soil is considered ideal for cotton cultivation in the southern states because it offers a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, which provides excellent drainage and aeration while retaining adequate moisture and nutrients. This combination allows cotton plants to thrive, as they require drainage to prevent root rot and moisture to support growth during their critical development phases. Additionally, loam soil enhances soil fertility, which is essential for producing high yields of cotton.

In contrast, clay soil can retain water too well, leading to poor drainage and potential root problems for cotton plants. Sandy soil, while it drains well, does not hold nutrients effectively, which can limit the plant's growth potential. Lastly, rocky soil lacks the necessary nutrient composition and structure to support healthy cotton growth, making it unsuitable for cultivation. These characteristics underscore why loam soil is preferred for cotton farming in the southern states.