Which event is commonly regarded as the end of Reconstruction?

The Compromise of 1877 is commonly regarded as the event that marked the end of Reconstruction because it resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the Southern states, effectively ending the federal government's efforts to enforce civil rights protections for freed slaves and maintain political control in the South. In exchange for resolving the disputed 1876 presidential election in favor of Rutherford B. Hayes, the Democrats agreed to allow Hayes to become president under the condition that he would remove federal troops, which had been protecting the rights of African Americans and supporting Republican governments in the South.

This compromise signaled a significant shift in power dynamics, allowing Southern states to enact laws that restricted the rights of African Americans and led to the establishment of Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation. The end of federal intervention meant that many gains made during Reconstruction for African American civil rights were rolled back, leading to systemic disenfranchisement and oppression that persisted for decades.

In contrast, the Signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln are earlier events related to the Civil War and the issues surrounding slavery but do not mark the conclusion of Reconstruction. The start of the Civil War is also unrelated to the Reconstruction period, which took place after the war. Each of these events