Which war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was crucial in concluding the Mexican-American War, which took place from 1846 to 1848. This conflict arose largely from territorial disputes following the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845, which Mexico still considered part of its territory. The treaty, signed in 1848, resulted in significant territorial gains for the United States, including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

The direct impact of the treaty was transformative in shaping the future of the United States, as it facilitated westward expansion and contributed to the growing tensions over slavery in the newly acquired territories. These tensions ultimately played a role in leading to the Civil War, but the treaty itself specifically marked the end of the Mexican-American War and the beginning of a new chapter in U.S.-Mexico relations. The other conflicts listed do not relate to this treaty, making the identification of the Mexican-American War as the correct answer clear.